SteppenHopser

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2021-11-24

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	3062		0		4		18
Ø Tier	6,02		0,00		7,50		6,56
Victories	1541	50,33%	0	0,00%	2	50,00%	9	50,00%
Defeats	1467	47,91%	0	0,00%	2	50,00%	9	50,00%
Draws	54	1,76%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	987	32,23%	0	0,00%	2	50,00%	8	44,44%
Tanks destroyed	2217	0,72	0	0,00	8	2,00	21	1,17
Destruction ratio	1,07		0,00		4,00		2,10
Tanks spotted	2086	0,68	0	0,00	4	1,00	40	2,22
Damage dealt	665,54		0,00		1.641,75		765,50
Capture points	1569	0,51	0	0,00	25	6,25	25	1,39
Defense points	1147	0,37	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	487,20		0,00		983,25		568,56
WN7	901,15		0,00		1803,40		1267,68
WN8	1069,45		0,00		2558,66		1465,79

Total
Battles	3062
Ø Tier	6,02
Victories	1541	50,33%
Defeats	1467	47,91%
Draws	54	1,76%
Battles survived	987	32,23%
Tanks destroyed	2217	0,72
Destruction ratio	1,07
Tanks spotted	2086	0,68
Damage dealt	665,54
Capture points	1569	0,51
Defense points	1147	0,37
Experience	487,20
WN7	901,15
WN8	1069,45

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	4
Ø Tier	7,50
Victories	2	50,00%
Defeats	2	50,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	2	50,00%
Tanks destroyed	8	2,00
Destruction ratio	4,00
Tanks spotted	4	1,00
Damage dealt	1.641,75
Capture points	25	6,25
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	983,25
WN7	1803,40
WN8	2558,66

Past 30 days
Battles	18
Ø Tier	6,56
Victories	9	50,00%
Defeats	9	50,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	8	44,44%
Tanks destroyed	21	1,17
Destruction ratio	2,10
Tanks spotted	40	2,22
Damage dealt	765,50
Capture points	25	1,39
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	568,56
WN7	1267,68
WN8	1465,79

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (80)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
G.W. Panther	7	844,78	560	423	52,96%	1001,81
Hummel	6	671,42	447	359	49,30%	883,83
VK 30.02 (M)	6	736,17	590	112	49,11%	1374,72
T20	7	701,26	538	101	48,51%	947,03
Leopard Prototyp A	9	1024,59	655	91	50,55%	815,05
Indien-Panzer	8	812,39	543	89	44,94%	841,21
Leo	7	775,74	535	85	51,76%	1116,83
P.43 bis	6	637,86	476	83	54,22%	1095,16
SU-8	6	673,46	495	76	57,89%	1036,64
Strv 74	6	637,81	453	69	44,93%	983,64
M6	6	884,23	617	65	60,00%	1540,85
VK 30.02 (D)	7	772,60	600	57	52,63%	1109,50
M4A3E8 Sherman	6	560,04	410	52	53,85%	964,57
T-28	4	456,20	354	49	42,86%	1350,23
VK 30.01 (P)	6	881,91	658	47	51,06%	1573,61
Type 3 Chi-Nu	5	459,80	361	46	52,17%	1190,43
VK 30.01 (H)	5	569,44	450	45	55,56%	1428,69
O-I	6	646,41	490	44	56,82%	1026,71
AMX ELC bis	5	405,98	403	44	45,45%	1495,99
T6 Medium	4	385,68	312	40	50,00%	817,31
S-51	7	779,35	563	40	40,00%	742,94
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H	5	551,75	351	40	35,00%	1286,64
AMX 12 t	6	494,21	464	39	48,72%	1456,46
UDES 14 Alt 5	8	1044,16	666	38	52,63%	1120,11
BT-7	4	188,49	246	37	54,05%	580,27
SU-76M	4	459,89	302	35	51,43%	1239,56
M10 Wolverine	5	448,80	329	35	42,86%	794,37
VK 28.01 mit 10,5 cm L/28	6	403,12	416	34	44,12%	840,26
T-34	5	612,82	502	33	57,58%	1827,79
SU-85	5	564,00	329	32	53,13%	1261,54
Jagdpanzer IV	6	793,32	490	31	45,16%	1426,83
M4A1 Sherman	5	367,77	365	31	45,16%	756,29
Panther/M10	7	757,42	676	31	58,06%	1195,41
T-34-85	6	494,68	517	31	54,84%	890,98
Valentine AT	4	422,55	257	29	55,17%	1164,34
T-34 shielded	5	511,21	470	29	41,38%	1192,50
SU-100	6	631,64	489	28	50,00%	1017,12
Matilda	4	394,71	277	28	35,71%	906,35
Strv m/42	5	450,68	343	25	36,00%	905,44
P.43 ter	7	744,58	642	24	45,83%	1204,58
P.43	5	475,54	418	24	45,83%	1154,62
Pz.Kpfw. IV Schmalturm	6	688,32	537	22	40,91%	1265,60
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. J	4	521,57	397	21	71,43%	1735,33
Excelsior	5	802,60	702	20	70,00%	1972,45
T-50-2	6	254,15	410	20	50,00%	536,25
T-34-85M	6	660,50	597	20	45,00%	935,75
Lago	4	398,50	330	20	30,00%	1247,63
KV-1	5	650,21	456	19	52,63%	1370,80
Tiger 131	6	801,94	570	17	47,06%	1242,81
KV-1S	6	649,76	666	17	76,47%	1285,86
T1 Heavy	5	670,29	456	17	58,82%	1364,65
M8A1	4	402,88	271	16	37,50%	885,68
BT-5	3	377,06	349	16	62,50%	967,38
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. E	3	415,94	272	16	50,00%	1353,51
Panther	7	770,80	556	15	40,00%	1092,52
SU-100Y	6	733,53	582	15	60,00%	1257,90
M5 Stuart	4	224,07	273	14	57,14%	636,78
AMX 40	4	104,15	200	13	30,77%	148,48
P26/40	4	421,23	336	13	53,85%	1068,47
Strv m/40L	3	377,00	311	11	45,45%	1140,43
Cavalier	5	359,60	364	10	60,00%	867,74
Type 1 Chi-He	4	423,33	412	9	77,78%	1319,00
M3 Stuart	3	615,78	463	9	33,33%	2837,24
M44	6	702,88	647	8	87,50%	1301,24
Type T-34	5	616,13	389	8	50,00%	1811,89
Tiger (P)	7	1440,00	703	6	16,67%	1614,65
Patton the Tank	9	743,80	715	5	60,00%	689,82
M10 RBFM	5	793,40	670	5	60,00%	1617,28
FV230 Canopener	10	858,00	609	5	40,00%	330,31
Convert. Medium Tank T3	3	267,75	252	4	25,00%	566,89
Valentine	3	861,50	562	4	0,00%	4724,04
AMX 38	3	297,33	180	3	33,33%	1030,78
M24E2 Super Chaffee	6	0,00	131	2	0,00%	0,00
T37	6	233,00	239	2	50,00%	409,64
M2 Light	2	447,00	394	2	50,00%	1957,64
AMX 13 (FL 11)	5	341,00	231	2	0,00%	743,22
IS-7	10	1228,00	586	2	50,00%	829,73
25TP KSUST II	5	229,00	447	1	100,00%	549,51
CS-52 LIS	8	1571,00	1238	1	100,00%	2171,28
GSOR the TANK	9	1074,00	887	1	100,00%	906,65

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[56390] renamedclan_45845437654

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2021-11-24

[56390] renamedclan_45845437654

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2021-11-24

Left: 2024-12-24

SteppenHopser

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (80)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history